MATRIX
  • MATRIX
    • NeuraMATRIX
      • Metatron
        • Redefining BCI Hardware with Precision, Power, and Privacy
      • Matrix AI Network Launches NeuraMATRIX:
        • Redefining Brain-Computer Interfaces with Cutting-Edge Hardware and Blockchain Technology
        • The Values
      • Event
        • NeuraMATRIX Open Platform Launch Event
      • Overview
      • Features
      • Brainwave Acquisition Hardware
      • Algrithm
      • Manual
      • Neura MATRIX: Bridging Brainwaves and Blockchain to Revolutionize the Future of Web3 (3/3)
      • Neura MARTIX——用脑波链接Web 3.0时代 (3/3)
      • Neura MATRIX: Bridging Brainwaves and Blockchain to Revolutionize the Future of Web3 (2/3)
      • Neura MARTIX——用脑波链接Web 3.0时代 (2/3)
      • Neura MATRIX: Bridging Brainwaves and Blockchain to Revolutionize the Future of Web3 (1/3)
      • Neura MARTIX——用脑波链接Web 3.0时代 (1/3)
  • FAQ of MATRIX AI Network
    • 1. Why does MATRIX exist?
    • 2. What is the vision and mission of Matrix?
    • 3. What are main features of MATRIX?
    • 4. How is MATRIX different?
    • 5. What exactly does MATRIX do?
    • 6. What is Matrix's consensus mechanism?
    • 7. What problems does the matrix solve?
    • 8. What makes The Matrix different? Why is it better?
    • 9. Can the Matrix be hacked?
    • 10. Is the old team still alive? How many people work in the team?
    • 11. What is the ticker?
    • 12. Where can I buy MAN coins?
    • 13. When we look at BSCscan, we see that all coins are kept in a single wallet. Is this true ?
    • 14. What is the token economy of Matrix? What is the total supply of MAN?
    • 15. Is MAN still an erc20 token? Where can I store MAN?
    • 16. My man tokens are still an erc20, how do I revert them to mainnet coins?
    • 17. Will there be a halving for MAN as in Bitcoin?
    • 18. From which accounts can I follow Matrix?
    • 19. What are your platforms and projects based on Artificial Intelligence?
    • 20. How can I contact you for more questions?
    • 21. What specs you using for Matrix node?
    • 22. What makes Matrix different from other artificial intelligence projects and companies?
    • 23. What is the Matrix Bio-Wallet?
  • AIRTIST
    • AIRTIST—Matrix’s Great Venture into AI Art
    • Introduction of AIRTIST
    • The Past and Present of AI Art
  • APEX
    • APEX: AI-Algorithmic-Stablecoin-to-Foreign-Currency Exchange Protocol
    • AI + ASC: The Future of DeFi
  • Energy Friendliness
    • Matrix AI - the solution for sustainable crypto mining
    • Matrix——More Public Benefit for Crypto Mining
    • New Direction for Public Chains in the Carbon Neutral Future
    • Unmanned Mine by Matrix and TBEA: Ushering in the Era of Energy 4.0 (1/3)
    • Unmanned Mine by Matrix and TBEA: Ushering in the Era of Energy 4.0 (2/3)
    • Unmanned Mine by Matrix and TBEA: Ushering in the Era of Energy 4.0 (3/3)
  • General
    • Release of Upgraded Web Wallet and Bounty Event
    • Important Announcement on ERC-20 Swap
    • Announcement about Manual Swap
    • 从霍金到黑客帝国——让科幻电影照进现实 (4)
    • From Stephen Hawking to Matrix: Making Science Fiction Come True (4)
    • 从霍金到黑客帝国——让科幻电影照进现实 (3)
    • From Stephen Hawking to Matrix: Making Science Fiction Come True (3)
    • From Stephen Hawking to Matrix: Making Science Fiction Come True (2)
    • 从霍金到黑客帝国——让科幻电影照进现实(2)
    • Website Update and Bounty Event
    • Block Reward Reduction
    • From Stephen Hawking to Matrix: Making Science Fiction Come True (1)
    • 从霍金到黑客帝国——让科幻电影照进现实
    • What Makes Matrix AI Different?
    • The Belt and Road Summary
    • Matrix——Catalyst for the AI Big Bang
    • Matrix and The Belt and Road
    • An Introduction to Wormhole
    • Intro to AutoML
    • Data, Computing, and Blockchain: The Fate of the Metaverse
    • A Brief History of Metaverse
    • 什么是虫洞/Wormhole?
    • MATRIX At A Glance (1.0 and 2.0)
    • Summary of MATRIX 1.0 and MATRIX 2.0
  • BioWallet
    • Suppose you could travel back in time to 2010, how much Bitcoin would you buy?
    • Matrix生态矩阵又添黑科技:指静脉识别Bio-Wallet安全钱包
    • Matrix Announces BioWallet to Make Crypto Funds More Secure
      • Matrix AI Network Bio-Wallet Content Contest
    • Matrix AI Network Bio-Wallet Content Contest
    • Matrix- PR Distribution
    • Matrix BioWallet Covered at Bloomberg
  • Guides
    • Matrix App Installation Process
    • How To get blacklisted Validator and Miners
    • User Guide for Matrix IDE
    • Things I wish I knew before using DEX-es and trading tokens
    • Sending a MAN transaction(JS, NodeJS), Intermediate level
    • Sending a MAN transaction(Java + Maven), Intermediate level
    • Reading a smart contract function (JS, NodeJS)
    • Matrix Mainnet Cross-chain Transfer Guide——BSC
    • man.json with new nodes info
    • How to Manually Move MAN Coins to Ledger
    • How to Create a Matrix Smart Contract
    • Generating a Vanity Address(JS, NodeJS), Beginner level
    • Distributed AutoML User Guide
    • Determine the addresses with activity and their respective balances for a specified number of blocks
    • Deploying a smart contract on Matrix AI Network using Truffle (Demo)
    • Create Mining Masternodes in Ubuntu (Linux) with Matrix AI Network
    • Matrix AI Network integration tutorials — Part 1: Converting an ETH address to MAN address (JS, Node
    • Calling a smart contract function (JS, NodeJS)
    • Accessing block info(JS, NodeJS), Beginner level
    • $MAN Staking Guide
    • Create a Portfolio
    • Matrix Mainnet Cross-chain Transfer Guide——BSC
    • Decentralized AI Economy Starts Here
    • How to Issue a Token Using Matrix Smart Contracts
    • How to Check the Validators and Miners of Each Mining Cycle?
    • Android Wallet for Test (III)
    • MANTA Miner Deployment
    • How to Issue a Token Using Matrix Smart Contracts
  • MANAS
    • MANAS—Empower AI with Blockchain
    • MANAS’s Business Model and Proxy Promotion Mechanism
    • MANAS—Make a Better Metaverse
    • MANAS Q&A
    • MANAS Source Code Uploaded to GitHub
    • MANAS Deployed to Matrix Mainnet
  • MANIA
    • MANIA—A New World of the Integration of NFT and AI
    • MANIA AI-Assisted NFT Trading
  • MANTA
    • Empowering Sora with MANTA from Matrix AI Network: Bridging the Computational Divide
    • Guide for Downloading Datasets
    • MANTA Update Announcement
    • Morpheus, intro
    • MANTA主网矿机部署文档
    • MANTA Mainnet Miner Deployment Guide
    • Distributed AutoML Front-end Functions and Panel
    • MANTA—The Brain of Tomorrow’s Metaverse
    • MANTA Miner Deployment
    • MANTA Welcomes Important Partners in Its Tests
  • MATRIX 1.0
  • MATRIX 2.0
  • MATRIX 3.0
    • Development Plan Q1–2025
    • Update to Milestones 4 and 5 of Phase 1
    • Update to Milestone 3
    • MATRIX 3.0 Phase 1 Stage 1 Deliverables — 2
    • MATRIX 3.0 Phase 1 Stage 1 Deliverables — 1
    • Morpheus
    • Avatar Intelligence: The Next Stop in the Web3 World
    • Web3世界的下一站 —— Avatar Intelligence
    • Matrix 3.0 Blueprint and Event Winner Announcement
    • Blueprint
  • Bi-Weekly Reports
    • 2025年5月上半月报
    • 1st Report Of May 2025
    • 2025年4月下半月报
    • 2nd Report Of April 2025
    • 2025年4月上半月报
    • 1st Report Of April 2025
    • 2025年3月下半月报
    • 2nd Report Of March 2025
    • 2025年3月上半月报
    • 1st Report Of March 2025
    • 2025年2月下半月报
    • 2nd Report Of February 2025
    • 2025年2月上半月报
    • 1st Report Of February 2025
    • 2025年1月下半月报
    • 2nd Report Of January 2025
    • 2025年1月上半月报
    • 1st Report Of January 2025
    • 2024年12月下半月报
    • 2nd Report Of December 2024
    • 2024年12月上半月报
    • 1st Report Of December 2024
    • 2024年11月下半月报
    • 2nd Report Of November 2024
    • 2024年11月上半月报
    • 1st Report Of November 2024
    • 2024年10月下半月报
    • 2nd Report Of October 2024
    • 2024年10月上半月报
    • 1st Report Of October 2024
    • 2024年9月下半月报
    • 2nd Report Of September 2024
    • 2024年9月上半月报
    • 1st Report Of September 2024
    • 2024年8月下半月报
    • 2nd Report Of August 2024
    • 2024年8月上半月报
    • 1st Report Of August 2024
    • 2024年7月下半月报
    • 2nd Report Of July 2024
    • 2024年7月上半月报
    • 1st Report Of July 2024
    • 2024年6月下半月报
    • 2nd Report Of June 2024
    • 2024年6月上半月报
    • 1st Report Of June 2024
    • 2024年5月下半月报
    • 2nd Report Of May 2024
    • 2024年5月上半月报
    • 1st Report Of May 2024
    • 2024年4月下半月报
    • 2nd Report Of April 2024
    • 2024年4月上半月报
    • 1st Report Of April 2024
    • 2024年3月下半月报
    • 2nd Report Of March 2024
    • 2024年3月上半月报
    • 1st Report Of March 2024
    • 2024年2月下半月报
    • 2nd Report Of February 2024
    • 2024年2月上半月报
    • 1st Report Of February 2024
    • 2024年1月下半月报
    • 2nd Report Of January 2024
    • 2024年1月上半月报
    • 1st Report Of January 2024
    • 2023年12月下半月报
    • 2nd Report Of December 2023
    • 2023年12月上半月报
    • 1st Report Of December 2023
    • 2023年11月下半月报告
    • 2nd Report Of November 2023
    • 2023年11月上半月报告
    • 1st Report Of November 2023
    • 2023年10月下半月报告
    • 2nd Report Of October 2023
    • 2023年10月上半月报告
    • 1st Report Of October 2023
    • 2023年9月下半月报告
    • 2nd Report Of September 2023
    • 2023年9月上半月报告
    • 1st Report Of September 2023
    • 2023年8月下半月报告
    • 2nd Report Of August 2023
    • 2023年8月上半月报告
    • 1st Report Of August 2023
    • 2023年7月下半月报告
    • 2nd Report Of July 2023
    • 2023年7月上半月报告
    • 1st Report Of July 2023
    • 2023年6月下半月报告
    • 2nd Report Of June 2023
    • 2023年6月上半月报告
    • 1st Report Of June 2023
    • 2023年5月下半月报告
    • 2nd Report Of May 2023
    • 2023年5月上半月报告
    • 1st Report Of May 2023
    • 2023年4月下半月报告
    • 2nd Report Of April 2023
    • 2023年4月上半月报告
    • 1st Report Of April 2023
    • 2023年3月下半月报告
    • 2nd Report Of March 2023
    • 2023年3月上半月报告
    • 1st Report Of March 2023
    • 2023年2月下半月报告
    • 2nd Report Of February 2023
    • 2023年2月上半月报告
    • 1st Report Of February 2023
    • 2023年1月下半月报告
    • 2nd Report Of January 2023
    • 2023年1月上半月报告
    • 1st Report Of January 2023
    • 2022年12月下半月报告
    • 2nd Report Of December 2022
    • 1st Report Of December 2022
    • 2nd Report Of November 2022
    • 1st Report Of November 2022
    • 2nd Report Of October 2022
    • 1st Report Of October 2022
    • 2nd Report Of September 2022
    • 1st Report Of September 2022
    • 2nd Report Of August 2022
    • 1st Report Of August 2022
    • 2nd Report Of July 2022
    • 1st Report Of July 2022
    • 2nd Report Of June 2022
  • AMA
    • October 2023 AMA
    • Sept 2023 AMA
    • MATRIX AMA - MAY 2023
    • Matrix April AMA Transcript
    • Matrix 3.0 Special AMA Transcript
    • AMA 1 on Neuroscience
    • AMA 2 on Neuroscience
    • April 2023 AMA
    • March 2023 AMA
    • MEXC北美AMA成绩单
    • MEXC North America AMA transcript
    • AMA成绩单-神经科学家为矩阵社区回答问题!
    • AMA Transcript - Neuroscientist Answered Questions for Matrix Community!
    • KuCoin Official Arabic Telegram Group Ask-Me-Anything (AMA) [ 3 March]
    • February 2023 AMA
    • KuCoin Official Japanese Telegram Group Ask-Me-Anything (AMA) [20 February]
    • January 2023 AMA
    • December AMA is Live
    • November AMA Transcript
    • October AMA Transcript
    • September AMA Transcript
    • August AMA Transcript
    • July AMA Transcript
    • 2022-06-AMA-Transcripts
  • MATRIX Fact Sheet
    • MATRIX Fact Sheet 1-10
    • MATRIX Fact Sheet 11-20
    • MATRIX Fact Sheet 21-30
    • MATRIX Fact Sheet 31-40
    • MATRIX Fact Sheet 41-50
    • MATRIX Fact Sheet 51-60
    • MATRIX Fact Sheet 61-70
    • MATRIX Fact Sheet 71-80
    • MATRIX Fact Sheet 81-90
    • MATRIX Fact Sheet 91-98
  • Android Wallet
    • Android Wallet for Test (III)
    • Android MAN Wallet For Test (II)
    • Android MAN Wallet For Test
  • CEO’s Message
    • MCP for Distributed AI Agents
    • Integrating MCP into MATRIX Blockchain!
    • Model Context Protocol on Blockchain!
    • Important Remarks from Our CEO
    • New message from Hong Kong!
    • Q1 2025 Development Plan
    • Happy Chinese New Year 2025
    • Strategic Partnership Between MATRIX and Blink.TV
    • New Year's message from Matrix AI Network CEO, Owen TAO!
    • Jehol Capital Foundation takes over ERC-20 MAN tokens
    • MAN will be listed on MEXC
    • 2022 Christmas Message
    • 2022 Mid-Autumn Festival Message
    • Goodbye 2021, Hooray 2022
  • M-Port
    • M-Port: An AI-Powered DID Platform based on Biometric Information (IV)
    • M-Port: An AI-Powered DID Platform based on Biometric Information (III)
    • M-Port: An AI-Powered DID Platform based on Biometric Information (II)
    • M-Port: An AI-Powered DID Platform based on Biometric Information
  • Team
    • Head/Manager of Ecosystem Development
    • Appointment
  • Event
    • Matrix KARMA EVENT: Participate, Contribute, Earn $MAN!
    • Web3 Mentor Naming Contest – Winners Announcement!
    • NeuraMATRIX Open Platform Launch Event Winners Announcement
    • Mid-Autumn Festival Contest Winners Announcement
    • MidAutumn Festival Contest : Capture the Magic of the Full Moon!
    • Give It a Name Contest Winners Announcements
    • AUGUST AMA WORD HUNT EVENT WINNERS ANNOUNCEMENT
    • Give It a Name Contest
    • MATRIX AUGUST AMA WORD HUNT EVENT
    • JULY AMA WORD HUNT EVENT WINNERS ANNOUNCEMENT
    • MATRIX AWARDED WORD HUNT EVENT
    • The Rewarding PERSONA Test Winners Announcement
    • The Rewarding PERSONA Test: Dive Into AI Innovation!
    • EXCITING ENGAGEMENT COMPETITION WINNERS ANNOUNCEMENT
    • EXCITING ENGAGEMENT COMPETITION
    • MATRIX LEARN & EARN EVENT
    • Zealy Giveaway Winners Announcement
    • MATRIX GIVEAWAY EVENT
    • NEW YEAR EVENT WİNNERS ANNOUNCEMENT
    • New Year Event Begins!
    • MATRIX TELEGRAM CHALLENGE WINNER ANNOUNCEMENT
    • MATRIX TELEGRAM CHALLENGE
    • OCTOBER QUIZ EVENT WINNERS ANNOUNCEMENT
    • OCTOBER QUİZ EVENT
    • Stage One Deliverables Event Winners Announcement
    • Stage One Deliverables Event
    • Guessing Contest Event
    • 📢 We're pleased to announce our Next #AMA with Matrix AI Network at Binance Live On 8 June 2:00 PM
    • Learn how #AI & #VR unlocks new realities in crypto in our next Twitter Space with
    • Join the MATRIX on Zealy.io and Win Big!
    • HK Web 3 Festival
    • AMA with MEXC
    • Matrix AI Network & Neuroscience AMA Question Collection
    • Matrix AI Network Birthday cum Chinese New Year Video & Photo Contest
    • Matrix Ambassador—Knight
    • Ambassador Program
    • Website Update and Bounty Event, Announcement of the Winners
    • New Year's Letter Challenge
  • Morpheus
    • 基于Morpheus的个性化Chatbot平台——Persona(第四部分)
    • Morpheus-based Personalized Chatbot Platform: Persona - Combining EEG Technology for the We(Part 4)
    • 基于Morpheus的个性化Chatbot平台——Persona(第三部分)
    • Morpheus-based Personalized Chatbot Platform: Persona - Combining EEG Technology for the We(Part 3)
    • 基于Morpheus的个性化Chatbot平台——Persona(第二部分)
    • Morpheus-based Personalized Chatbot Platform: Persona - Combining EEG Technology for the We(Part 2)
    • 基于Morpheus的个性化Chatbot平台——Persona(第一部分)
    • Morpheus-based Personalized Chatbot Platform: Persona - Combining EEG Technology for the We(Part 1)
    • We're thrilled to invite you to join us in testing the remarkable Morpheus Upgrade 2.0
    • Unveiling the Matrix AI Network Morpheus Upgrade
    • A Bilingual Pretrained Model Based on MATRIX Mainnet
    • Morpheus Available For Initial Testing
  • Media
    • MATRIX AI Network CEO Owen Tao Shares Vision for Web3, BCI, and AI at Jinse 星享会 in Hong Kong
    • 首席执行官Owen TAO在数字全景峰会上讨论Web3中的人工智能和BCI
    • CEO Owen TAO Discusses AI and BCI in Web3 at Digital Panorama Summit
    • Matrix AI Network and DEPIN
    • Blending neuroscience with AI on blockchain: Matrix AI Network and NeuraMatrix partnership
  • 3.0/Neuroscience
    • NeuraMatrix – The Better Neural Link for MetaVerse
    • NeuraMatrix – A Better Neural Link for the Metaverse
    • NeuraMatrix – The Better Neural Link for MetaVerse
    • NeuraMatrix – A Better Neural Link for the Metaverse
  • Intelligent Contract
    • Advancements of Intelligent Contract Version 2
    • 智慧合约里程碑交付
    • Intelligent Contract Milestone Update:
    • Revolutionizing Smart Contract Development with Accessibility and Security
    • Intelligent Contract Testing: Explore the Future of Smart Contracts
    • 智能合约
    • Intelligent Contract
  • DEPIN
    • MATRIX——专为AI服务的全球分布式资源共享网络 (4/4)
    • Empowering the AI Revolution: The Global Distributed Resource Network of MATRIX (4/4)
    • MATRIX——专为AI服务的全球分布式资源共享网络 (3/4)
    • Empowering the AI Revolution: The Global Distributed Resource Network of MATRIX (3/4)
    • MATRIX——专为AI服务的全球分布式资源共享网络 (2/4)
    • Empowering the AI Revolution: The Global Distributed Resource Network of MATRIX (2/4)
    • MATRIX——专为AI服务的全球分布式资源共享网络 (1/4)
    • Empowering the AI Revolution: The Global Distributed Resource Network of MATRIX (1/4)
  • AI Agent
    • Contextus: The Context Management and Routing Hub of MATRIX (3/3)
    • Contextus:MATRIX 的上下文管理与路由中枢(3/3)
    • Contextus: The Context Management and Routing Hub of MATRIX (2/3)
    • Contextus:MATRIX 的上下文管理与路由中枢(2/3)
    • Contextus: The Context Management and Routing Hub of MATRIX (1/3)
    • Contextus:MATRIX 的上下文管理与路由中枢(1/3)
    • Your ultimate web3 guide MANTOR is LIVE!
    • Give It a Name Contest – Help Us Name Our AI Agent Web3 Mentor!
    • How Can Web3 Mentor Help You?
    • MATRIX’s AI Agent Core Modules
    • The Matrix's first AI Agent is on the way!
    • AI Agents Empowered by Morpheus and Their Role in Advancing Avatar Intelligence (Part 4)
    • AI Agents Empowered by Morpheus and Their Role in Advancing Avatar Intelligence (Part 3)
    • AI Agents Empowered by Morpheus and Their Role in Advancing Avatar Intelligence (Part 2)
    • AI Agents Empowered by Morpheus and Their Role in Advancing Avatar Intelligence (Part 1)
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  1. General

从霍金到黑客帝国——让科幻电影照进现实

PreviousFrom Stephen Hawking to Matrix: Making Science Fiction Come True (1)NextWhat Makes Matrix AI Different?

Last updated 2 years ago

无论是科幻小说中的描述,还是电影《黑客帝国》中的场景,追求“蝴蝶一样自由的思维”,甚至是所谓“永生”,一直人类美好的梦想。但站在神经科学和神经工程的角度,今天我们离这个目标还很遥远,根本的问题在于我们对大脑内部的工作机制,信号的传播方式,特别是信息编码的规律知之甚少。

脑机接口技术的意义

有一本很著名的回忆录,叫做《潜水钟与蝴蝶》,作者是法国时尚杂志ELLE主编Bauby。一天Bauby从床上醒来,发现自己四肢乃至几乎全身无法动弹,甚至一点声音都发不出,唯一能做的只是眨一眨左眼。语言治疗师Henriette对他尽心照料,Bauby想对她说声谢谢,他需要在Henriette一遍遍复述法语字母表的时候,眨五次眼睛,才能“拼写”出MERCI这个法语单词。经诊断,Bauby患上了突如其来的中风,全身肌肉瘫痪,进入了完全闭锁的状态(Locked-in Syndrome),眨动左眼是他唯一和外界交流的方式,可是他的大脑和思维是完全鲜活而正常的,这种孤独与绝望可想而知。不可思议的是,Bauby竟然靠眨眼睛“写”出了这本回忆录《潜水钟与蝴蝶》,同名电影还获得了2008年的金球奖。这就是脑机接口技术的意义,总有一天脑机接口技术会帮助Bauby这样的病人,让他们不再生活在密闭的“潜水钟”里,通过脑电或者神经活动自由地表达自己,让思想可以像“蝴蝶”一样自由地飞翔。

其实像Bauby这样思维被封闭在瘫痪身体中的病人不在少数,一个更有名的例子就是著名物理学家霍金,他患有肌萎缩性脊髓侧锁硬化症(ALS),也就是2014年夏天流行的“冰桶挑战”提醒公众关注的“神经渐冻症”。 “神经渐冻症”的发病原因还没有研究清楚,目前也没有治疗和康复的办法。病人在发病初期出现肌肉无力萎缩的症状,随着病程发展,逐渐失去运动、说话和吞咽能力,甚至需要呼吸机帮助呼吸。高位截瘫、重症肌无力等疾病也会带来运动和沟通的困难,他们同样需要脑机接口的帮助。

脑电波的原理

脑电信号是脑神经组织的电生理活动在大脑皮层表面的总体反映,因此分析大脑结构有利于更好地阐述脑电波原理。大脑皮层,也称大脑皮质,是人脑的三大部分之一,主要负责人体的认知以及情感功能。大脑皮层被三条沟壑分成五个大部分,它们分别是额叶、顶叶、枕叶、颞叶以岛叶。

位于大脑的前部的是额叶,主要负责专注力、短时记忆任务等相关任务。位于枕叶之前的是顶叶,该部分与感觉信息相关,如触感,空间感等。位于双侧大脑半球外侧裂的下方的是颞叶,主要负责处理输入信息,比如视觉、听觉等,同时在长期记忆中发挥重要作用。位于颅骨的后部分的是枕叶,功能约等于视觉处理中心。岛叶是大脑皮层外侧沟,研究表明其与情感和意识有关,还包含运动控制、自我意识、人际交往等功能,同时精神类疾病据大量研究证明也与岛叶有关。

大脑活动时电信号的变化活动数据可以形成脑电图。脑电图反映的是大量神经细胞活动的总和。单个神经细胞产生的脑电信号十分微弱,因此在大脑皮层上可产生多个频率的不同振幅。这些脑电活动的振荡特征描述了不同的大脑状态。

大脑皮质的电活动两种主要形式为自发脑电活动和诱发的电活动。自发电位活动指的是人自主地在不同情绪状态下,表现出的对应的脑电波频率波动。而诱发电位需通过外界刺激产生。

脑机接口技术的诞生

科学家最早尝试脑机接口研究,出现在1963年。当时英国Burden Neurological Institute的Grey Walter医生用当时非常前沿的脑电技术和他的病人开了个“玩笑”。这些癫痫病人因为确定脑内病灶的需要,做了手术,脑内放了电极,贴近大脑皮层,可以获取非常清晰的神经活动。因为电极比较大,记录阻抗低,虽然不能记录单个神经细胞的放电,但能记录到电极周围神经细胞共同活动的场电位(Field Potentials)。这些病人会带着电极在医院生活一两周。Walter医生突发奇想,在病人们欣赏风光幻灯片的时候,偷偷把脑电电极连接到了自己发明的“电位转换器”上,把病人大脑运动皮层的场电位信号,转换成了幻灯机换片的控制信号。于是“心想事成”的奇迹发生了:病人每次打算换片,但还没有按动按钮时,幻灯机就已经知道了他的想法,自动换片了!这是脑机接口技术的第一次完整实现:采集大脑神经信号,翻译转换后控制外部设备。

这个概念在当时非常超前,只有科幻电影中才会出现。这个“玩笑”背后是Walter医生通过对脑电活动的定量测量和深入探索,发现了与注意和期待有关的脑电活动。在此之前,所谓“脑电”仅仅指每秒10次左右的节律性起伏(Alpha波),通过这种起伏可以推测人脑的警觉状态,不能反映精细的思维活动。Walter医生也是个非常优秀的工程师,他采用多次平均技术,去除噪声,得到脑电发明以来最“纯净”的脑内活动波形——事件诱发电位(Event Related Potential , ERP),从此科学家通过事件诱发电位定量研究大脑对外界视觉听觉刺激的响应规律,以及大脑内部认知过程的展开,从此打开了一扇研究人脑的新窗口。

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